Tag: Business and finance

THERE are two ways of dealing with a worrying problem in a car engine. One is a complete overhaul; the other is to tinker under the bonnet and hope the trouble goes away. Volkswagen’s efforts to deal with an emissions-cheating scandal that emerged in September 2015 are of the tinkering type. The German carmaker is desperate to draw a line under its ill-fated decision to fit software to 11m diesel cars that detected emissions tests and artificially reduced the amount of nitrogen oxide pumped out. But the disconcerting rumbles continue.

The latest setback came on November 6th, when VW said that a German investigation of market manipulation was examining the role of Hans Dieter Pötsch, chairman of its supervisory board. The probe, which began in June, is looking at whether Martin Winterkorn, VW’s former chief executive, and Herbert Diess, who oversees the core VW brand, should have disclosed the emissions cheating before the company publicly admitted wrongdoing. This is deeply uncomfortable for both VW and Mr Pötsch, who used to be the chief financial officer and was nominated to become chairman on the day the crisis began. It is also a reminder…Continue reading

The Miami blues

“A TODDLER drowns in the swimming pool of his neighbour’s vacant house. A firefighter dies falling through the floor of a vacant building. A gang take over an empty house…to advertise prostitution.” Thus begins an incendiary supporting brief filed by a trade union for police officers and firefighters in a suit brought by the city of Miami against Wells Fargo and Bank of America. The suit argues that mortgages granted by the banks to black and Hispanic residents who later defaulted caused the city to lose tax revenue and forced it to fork out more for services. This, it contends, entitles Miami to damages.

The case was largely dismissed in the trial court, reversed on appeal and then accepted by the Supreme Court, which heard oral arguments on November 8th. At issue is who can sue for alleged discrimination, and whether irresponsible loans can be blamed for broader economic damage. A separate court will consider whether the banks were actually guilty of discrimination (they deny it).

Part of civil-rights legislation passed in 1968, the “Fair Housing Act”, the statute under which the case…Continue reading

“THE vultures all start circling, they’re whispering, ‘You’re out of time’…but I still rise!” Those lyrics, from a song by Katy Perry, an American pop star, sounded often at Hillary Clinton’s campaign rallies but will shortly ring out over a less serious event: a late-night party in Shenzhen to kick off “Singles’ Day”, an online shopping extravaganza that takes place in China on November 11th every year.

The event was not dreamt up by Alibaba, but the e-commerce giant dominates it. Shoppers spent $14.3bn through its portals during last year’s event. That figure, a rise of 60% on a year earlier, was over double the sales racked up on America’s two main retail dates, Black Friday and Cyber Monday, put together. Chinese consumers are still confident, so sales on this Singles’ Day should again break records.  

It points to an intriguing question: how will all of those purchases get to consumers? Around 540m delivery orders were generated during the 24-hour spree last year. That is nearly ten times the average daily volume, but even a slow shopping day in China generates an enormous number. By the reckoning of…Continue reading

PITTSFIELD, a city of 43,000 on the Housatonic River in western Massachusetts, is a quintessentially American place, but in many ways an unlikely spot for a housing boom. The 255-year-old former industrial hub boasts the country’s earliest written reference to baseball. Its economy was dominated by General Electric for much of the 20th century. But by 2000 it had experienced ten years in which hardly any new jobs had been created. Incomes were 12% below the national average. The city’s population had been shrinking for decades. And yet between 2000 and 2007, amid a nationwide, credit-fuelled property boom, house prices in Pittsfield jumped by 70%, or 8% per year.

These days, such rapid growth in economically struggling cities is rare. Whereas local housing markets rose and fell together during the housing bubble and bust, the housing recovery which began in America in 2012 has been patchy. Cities and towns with growing economies have seen big gains; places like Pittsfield have stagnated (see chart 1). Such trends are contributing to a widening of America’s already unequal distribution of wealth.

According to an annual…Continue reading

CONTROVERSY over the relationship between BAE Systems, Europe’s largest defence company, and one of its main customers, Saudi Arabia, was raging when Ian King, its chief executive, started his job in 2008. BAE’s link to Saudi Arabia was forged 30 years ago with the first “al-Yamamah” arms deal. It saved the firm amid a difficult business environment, but embroiled it in a long-running corruption scandal that even led to Mr King’s immediate predecessor, Mike Turner, being briefly detained by America’s Department of Justice just before he stepped down.

The new boss’s mandate eight years ago was to banish BAE’s old, buccaneering ways and make it the acme of squeaky-clean corporate governance. Now, as Mr King prepares to leave and hand over to a successor, the firm is once again under fire for its ties to the house of Saud, this time for supplying its wares to support the kingdom’s war in neighbouring Yemen. A rising chorus accuses the Saudi-led coalition of using its Western-supplied and maintained air power indiscriminately in its campaign against Iranian-backed Houthi rebels.

Human-rights activists are trying to use…Continue reading

ALTHOUGH he styles himself as a chief executive who can turn the country around, Donald Trump is an outsider in the world of American business. His commercial operation is tiny by the standards of the country’s mega-firms and few of their bosses have ever viewed the president-elect as an equal or ally. He has “no friends” among the business elite, sniffed a private-equity baron a few weeks ago, who will doubtless now join a queue of executives waiting at Trump Tower to curry favour and to assess the new man’s priorities before he assumes office.

Those supplicants will soon discover that Mr Trump’s attitude towards business has three contradictory strands. He is passionate about unleashing the might of the private sector in order to revive growth. There is certainly plenty of scope: last year listed American companies invested a mediocre 46% of their total cashflow. Yet he is also a populist who thinks the economy is rigged in favour of big business and crony capitalists, and he is a protectionist. In the coming months these three different strands will respectively excite, worry and scare the business world.

Start, first, with the…Continue reading

THOUGH many outside America are dismayed at the prospect of Donald Trump as president, not everyone is despondent. When the news of Mr Trump’s victory reached the floor of the Duma, Russia’s lower house of parliament, the assembled politicians burst into applause. Such enthusiasm in Russia is in part a reflection of the bromance between Mr Trump and Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president. But it is also because Russia may be one of the few economies that might benefit from—or at least, be indifferent to—a Trump presidency.  

It helps that Russia’s economy has endured a rough time recently and that some kind of rebound is probably due. Its GDP fell by 3.7% last year and will shrink again this year, according to the IMF. Russia has one of the cheapest currencies in The Economist’s Big Mac Index, which compares the relative cost of burgers across the globe. By this measure, the rouble is around 60% undervalued against the dollar. Inflation, which rose to over 16% in early 2015 after a big fall in the rouble, has fallen to around 6%. That has allowed Russia’s central bank gradually to reduce interest rates from a peak of 17% to…Continue reading

IT IS not clear precisely how Donald Trump will govern, the extent to which he will carry out some of his scarier promises on trade and immigration, and who will be his economics top brass at the Treasury and in the White House. But a decent first guess is that President Trump will be bad for the world economy in aggregate; and a second is that his actions are likely to do more harm, in the short term at least, to economies outside America.

When America has in the past stepped aside from its role at the centre of the global economic system, the damage has spread well beyond its borders. In 1971, when Richard Nixon ended the post-war system of fixed exchange-rates that had America at its centre, his Treasury secretary, John Connally, told European leaders, “The dollar is our currency, but your problem.” This election result, to paraphrase Connally, belongs to America but is potentially a bigger economic problem for everyone else.

The scale and nature of that problem depend on the interplay of the two main elements of Mr Trump’s economic populism. The first is action to boost aggregate demand. Mr Trump favours tax cuts and extra public…Continue reading

CONVENTIONAL wisdom gets turned on its head pretty quickly in the financial markets. Although many on Wall Street were gloomy about the prospects under a Trump presidency, the markets have switched round pretty quickly after the overnight decline on election day.

So many people (including us) had warned of the crazy policies of Mr Trump that there was always going to be a market for contrarians to say that he won’t be that bad after all. Especially among white, prosperous financial commentators there is a willingness to «normalise» Trump – to tell the groups he has insulted and threatened to get over their fears. What Trump does in office will be different from what he says on the campaign, they think.

What investors clearly hope is that Trump will get to implement some of his policies but not all – in particular the tax cuts for the wealthy and for business, increased military spending and financial deregulation. An early sign that this may not be that «revolt against the elite» that some commentators are claiming is a surge in bank…Continue reading

CONVENTIONAL wisdom gets turned on its head quickly in the financial markets. Although many on Wall Street were gloomy about the prospects under a Trump presidency, the markets have performed a sharp U-turn after the overnight decline on election day.

So many people (including The Economist) had warned of the crazy policies of Donald Trump that there was always going to be a market for contrarians to say that he won’t be that bad after all. Especially among white, prosperous financial commentators there is a willingness to “normalise” Mr Trump—to tell the groups he has insulted and threatened to get over their fears. What Mr Trump does in office will be different from what he said on the campaign, they think. (If you want to see what minority groups have to put up with from Mr Trump’s supporters, look here.) 

What investors clearly hope is that Mr Trump will get to implement some of his policies but not all—in particular the tax cuts for the wealthy and for business, increased military spending and financial…Continue reading